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Analog- to-Digital and Digital-to-analog Conversion

Most signals of practical interest, such as speech, biological signals, seismic signals.radar signal, sonar signals, and various communications signals such as audio and video signals, are analog.To process analog signal by digital means, it is first necessary to converted them to digital form, that is, to convert them to a sequence of numbers having finite precision. This procedure is called analog -to-digital(A/D) conversion, and the corresponding devices are called A/D converters(ADCs).
Conceptually, we view A/D conversion as a three-step process.this process is illustrated in Figure
 
Fig: Block diagram of a digital signal processing system


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